Fluorine Atoms Reveal Quantum Electrodynamics in Extreme Conditions
![The study demonstrates that within kaonic atoms, the ratio of the local to critical field strength-[latex]\chi = \langle \mathcal{E} \rangle_{n\ell} / \mathcal{E}_{c}[/latex]-increases with nuclear charge, revealing that transitions involving specific KF states probe electromagnetic fields at or exceeding the Schwinger limit of [latex]\mathcal{E}_{c} = m_{e}^{2}c^{3}/(e\hbar) \sim eq 1.3 \times 10^{18} V/m[/latex].](https://arxiv.org/html/2604.19387v1/x2.png)
New measurements of X-ray transitions in kaonic fluorine provide unprecedented access to the strong-field regime of quantum electrodynamics, validating theoretical predictions.
![The study demonstrates that within kaonic atoms, the ratio of the local to critical field strength-[latex]\chi = \langle \mathcal{E} \rangle_{n\ell} / \mathcal{E}_{c}[/latex]-increases with nuclear charge, revealing that transitions involving specific KF states probe electromagnetic fields at or exceeding the Schwinger limit of [latex]\mathcal{E}_{c} = m_{e}^{2}c^{3}/(e\hbar) \sim eq 1.3 \times 10^{18} V/m[/latex].](https://arxiv.org/html/2604.19387v1/x2.png)
New measurements of X-ray transitions in kaonic fluorine provide unprecedented access to the strong-field regime of quantum electrodynamics, validating theoretical predictions.

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![The contribution of four-fermion operators to [latex] F_2F_{2} [/latex] is visualized through Feynman diagrams, with square dots specifically denoting the insertion of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory dipole operator.](https://arxiv.org/html/2604.16598v1/x1.png)
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![The differential decay rate of [latex]B\to X_{s}\ell^{+}\ell^{-}[/latex] exhibits sensitivity to new physics beyond the Standard Model, as evidenced by a comparison between observed distributions and theoretical predictions, while a boosted decision tree analysis of [latex]B\to K_{S}^{0}\tau^{+}\tau^{-}[/latex] decays confirms the presence of a signal with a branching fraction of [latex]8.4\times 10^{-3}[/latex], further validating the search strategy.](https://arxiv.org/html/2604.17644v1/x2.png)
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