Spinning Black Holes: How Magnetic Fields Supercharge Particle Acceleration

New research reveals a surprising relationship between magnetic field strength and energy extraction around rotating black holes, potentially explaining the origin of high-energy particles in extreme astrophysical environments.





![The frequency-dependent response of graphene’s dielectric function demonstrates a clear threshold at [latex]\omega = v_F q[/latex], beyond which the material’s imaginary component-and thus its capacity to absorb energy-shifts dramatically, suggesting an inherent limit to its optical properties at a given momentum transfer of [latex]q = 100~\mbox{cm}^{-1}[/latex] and temperature of 300K.](https://arxiv.org/html/2601.10478v1/x4.png)

![The study establishes a coordinate system centered on the lens, utilizing spherical coordinates [latex] (\theta, \phi, r) [/latex] to define the lens metric [latex] [Eqs. (87) and (109)] [/latex], and further refines this approach by transitioning to a flat spacetime coordinate system centered on the source for initial condition placement, effectively modeling geodesic deviation based on the closest radial distance to the impact parameter [latex] b [/latex].](https://arxiv.org/html/2601.10239v1/refBHS1.jpeg)
