Can Language Models Remember What Matters?
A new benchmark reveals the challenges of evaluating long-term memory in large language models and highlights limitations in current reward systems.
Science
Seeing Through the Chaos: Modeling Light’s Journey Through Turbulent Space
![Refractive index measurements, when analyzed with piecewise linear fits, validate the relationship described in Eq.(13) regarding the ratios [latex]\frac{\langle I^{q}\rangle}{\langle I\rangle^{q}}\big|\_{\boldsymbol{x}\_{0}}[/latex] for [latex]q=4,5,6[/latex] as a function of [latex]\frac{\langle I^{2}\rangle}{\langle I\rangle^{2}}\big|\_{\boldsymbol{x}\_{0}}[/latex], demonstrating how even seemingly precise data can be framed by the limitations of constructed models.](https://arxiv.org/html/2601.11213v1/Q_SUM_4_5_6.jpg)
A new stochastic model captures how light propagates through complex, ever-changing environments, offering insights into phenomena like atmospheric scintillation.
Navigating Hybrid Dynamics: Ensuring Solutions with Continuous Inputs
This review clarifies the conditions under which solutions exist for complex hybrid systems driven by continuous-time signals.
Liquid Crystals and Superconductivity Dance in Novel Silicon Compound
Researchers have uncovered a surprising link between charge ordering, liquid crystal behavior, and superconductivity within a unique silicon-based material.
From Order to Chaos: Unveiling the Link Between Confinement and Chiral Symmetry
![The effective mass squared of the D5 embedding field, examined across varying angular coordinates at a fixed value of [latex]u_0 = 1[/latex], indicates a violation of the BF bound-and consequent chiral symmetry breaking-prior to the emergence of a geometric singularity, except in the specific case of [latex]\theta = 0[/latex] and its immediate vicinity.](https://arxiv.org/html/2601.11136v1/x16.png)
New research explores how the transition between confined and deconfined states of matter relates to the breaking of chiral symmetry using a unique holographic model.
Untangling Time: How Signal Harmonics Distort Frequency Analysis
A new analysis reveals how overlapping harmonic signals create ‘spectral interference’ in time-frequency representations, impacting the accuracy of signal processing techniques.
The Brain’s Edge of Chaos: How Memory Networks Self-Organize
![Autocorrelation functions reveal how stored patterns - assessed with [latex]K=1[/latex] and [latex]K=100[/latex] - evolve across sub-critical, critical, and super-critical dynamical phases, demonstrating a relationship between temporal lag [latex]\Delta n[/latex] and the system’s responsiveness to initial conditions.](https://arxiv.org/html/2601.11478v1/Autocorrelation_Coincidences_IETs_PDF_N_patterns_100.png)
New research explores the dynamic interplay between complexity and order in a model of associative memory, revealing how networks achieve optimal information storage and recall.
Where Phase Transitions Collide: Unveiling Diabolical Critical Points
A new theoretical framework explores the unusual singularities that emerge in the parameter spaces of complex systems undergoing phase transitions, revealing hidden connections between symmetry and topology.
Black Hole Evaporation’s Turning Point: An Algebraic Lens
New research provides a generalized algebraic framework for understanding the Page transition, the moment when information escapes a black hole during Hawking radiation.
Hunting the Invisible: New Limits on Light Dark Matter
![The study establishes increasingly stringent upper limits on dark matter-particle scattering, demonstrating sensitivity improvements with σ and [latex]2\sigma[/latex] bands, and-through a power-constrained limit-surpassing previous results from leading experiments like XENON10, XENON1T, LUX-ZEPLIN, and others, while accounting for the confounding influence of the neutrino fog in silicon-based detectors and characterizing a [latex]5.5 \text{ GeV}/c^{2}[/latex] dark matter candidate with a [latex]4.4 \times 10^{-{45}} \text{ cm}^{2}[/latex] cross-section.](https://arxiv.org/html/2601.11296v1/x9.png)
The XENONnT experiment pushes the boundaries of dark matter detection with a novel analysis of ionization signals, refining the search for weakly interacting particles.